Amputações fazem parte da história da Medicina há séculos. Num passado ainda recente, quando eram realizadas, o amputado ganhava um par de muletas e saía nelas apoiado. Depois surgiram as primeiras próteses que procuravam imitar esteticamente o membro perdido. Em algumas eram desenhados até os pêlos para que ficassem mais parecidas com o membro amputado. É evidente que não conseguiam atingir a finalidade proposta e continuavam sendo apenas uma prótese facilmente reconhecida quando se olhava para elas. Com o passar do tempo, essa filosofia modificou-se por completo. Atualmente, a prótese faz parte do tratamento de reabilitação, uma parte importantíssima, aliás. No entanto, a reabilitação dos amputados envolve uma conduta muito mais ampla. Não há mais a preocupação de imitar o membro perdido. Ao contrário, as próteses assumiram o papel a que se destinam, ou seja, de recuperar a função do membro lesado. Interessa fazer com que o amputado assuma sua nova condição, retome suas atividades rotineiras, possa praticar esportes e viver a vida em sua plenitude.
Cada indivíduo amputado deve ser avaliado minunciosamente e o nível de mobilidade (mobis) dele será um fator de extrema relevância para a prescrição da prótese mais adequada para ele. Para um idoso que deambula apenas em casa nunca será prescrita uma prótese que possa ser usada em terrenos irregulares. Infelizmente o que é “doado” pelo SUS nem sempre atende a todos os indivíduos, os pacientes jovens, por exemplo, não são bem atendidos pelas próteses cedidas pelo SUS, pois estas, de certa forma, limitam a locomoção destes.
A Fisioterapia desempenha papel primordial na equipe multidisciplinar que atua na reabilitação do indivúduo amputado. O Fisioterapeuta deve ser solicitado no pré operatório em amputações eletivas e de forma imediata no pós-operatório de cirurgias reparadoras de amputações traumáticas e nas amputações realizadas por alguma outra emergência clínica.
Ao contrário do que muitos imaginam a colocação de uma prótese não é algo simples e depende, na maioria dos casos, de duas fases: a pré protética e a pós protécica.
Na primeira fase faz-se necessário a preparação do coto para o recebimento da prótese, nela serão objetivos da Fisioterapia a Conificação (modelamento do coto através do uso adequado de faixas elásticas), dissensibilização, prevenção de contraturas musculares, melhora de força muscular, treino para melhora de quelíbrio estático e treino de transferência de peso sobre o mebro amputado, dentre outros, sempre de acordo com a necessidade e respeitando a limitação de cada indivíduo, não há receitas.
Já na fase pós protética será exigido do paciente, dentre outras coisas, a aprendizagem de como colocar a prótese de forma independente e os pacientes deverão aprender a dividir o peso de forma igual entre o membro são e a prótese e a partir destes primeiros passos essenciais o paciente será treinado para ter uma marcha com passos simétricos, boa cadência (velocidade). primeiramente será trabalhado com apoio bilateral e com a progressão será retirado um apoio e por fim o treino será sem apoio em terrenos planos progredindo para terrenos instáveis e irregulares e escadas e rampas.
Cada indivíduo evoluirá de forma particular, há de se levar em conta as comorbidades; pacientes diabéticos muitas vezes terão que fazer uso de aditamentos (muletas ou andadores) para auxílio, pois apresentam neuroparia diabética, a qual reduz seus níveis de força, equilíbrio e sensibilidade.
O Fisioterapeuta deve estar atento a cada situação e usar o máximo seus conhecimentos em Biomecânica, Cinesioterapia, Fisiopatologia e sobre próteses, além de sempre atuar em conjunto com ortopedistas, psicólogos, terapeutas ocupacionais e técnicos em ortopedia.
Devolver a mobilidade aos amputados é uma tarefa árdua, porém muito nobre e satisfatória.
Por Ewertom Cordeiro
Mineira vence câncer, mas perde a perna na luta contra a doença.
Prótese adeguada custa a patir de 20 mil e família precisa da sua ajuda para comprar o equipamento.
Aproximadamente sete milhões de pessoas morrem todos os anos de câncer, calcula o Fundo de Pesquisas sobre o Câncer Mundial. E as estatísticas não são positivas: até 2020 esse número pode aumentar para 16 milhões. Quem sobrevive a doença não esquece as sessões de quimioterapia, as dores e a força que teve que tirar do fundo da alma para superar a doença.
Érica dos Santos Costa, de 22 anos, faz parte da população mundial que venceu a doença. Diagnosticada em 2001 com o câncer na perna, a mineira teve que passar por 12 cirurgias para evitar perder o membro. Ela venceu a doença, mas não conseguiu salvar a perna. Em 2008, por conscientização médica e da família, foi decidido que a amputação seria a melhor saída. E foi! Hoje, a jovem vive melhor, sem dores apesar da dificuldade de adaptação.
O problema é que a prótese doada pelo governo não atende as necessidades de Érica, que precisa de uma prótese mais tecnicamente adeguada para ter uma melhor qualidade de vida. Esse ano, a médica dela fez um orçamento de uma prótese adequada ao seu problema de saúde, no valor de R$ 20 mil. A família não tem condições de comprá-la e precisa da sua ajuda. A Érica conseguiu vencer as estatísticas, está viva. Ela não merece essa chance de viver melhor?
Doações
Envie sua doação para a conta bancária:
Érica dos Santos Costa
Poupança Bradesco
Agência: 2934-3
Conta: 1001990-7
CPF:121138077-77
Ou para o endereço:
Rua Guianas, 169, Jardim Pérola
Governador Valadares (MG)
CEP: 35051-290
Boa tarde. Sofri um acidente de moto, quebrei o fêmur e ampute o pé esquerdo, fiquei 2 meses com uma tala para a fixação do membro, apos a retirada da tala meu joelho não dobrava mais ficou duro, qual exercício que devo fazer par voltar o movimento e como fazer. Obrigado!
olá. sofri um acidente e amputei a perna abaixo do joelho..(tem um mês e meio), sinto mta dor,,,principalmente na fisioterapia, é normal..? ajuda psicológica é necessário..?.. obrigado!
O que os atletas amputados fazem para prender suas próteses, de maneira que as mesmas não sontem durante as competições?
Boa noite.
Meu pai amputou a perna esquerda um palmo abaixo do joelho, está com muita caimbra no coto, quando mexe a perna boa, a amputada automaticamente endurece e dá caimbra. O que se deve fazer para evitar tal problema?
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